img

Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Sapindales Family: Rutaceae Genus: Zanthoxylum

kāwa‘u, kāwa‘u kua kuku kapa

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Trees 4–15 m tall.

Stems: Trunk up to 30 cm in diameter, bark finely fissured–reticulate, new growth glabrous or finely puberulent to tomentose, young branches subtended by a pair of bud scales.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves compound. Alternate. Leaflets 3–7, thick, coriaceous, lowest pair strongly reduced, (0.2–)1.5–3(–4) cm long, rarely 1 or both reduced leaflets absent, normal leaflets 6–15(–36) cm long, (2.5–)3.5–9(–13.5) cm wide, lateral petiolules articulated only at base, 3–9 mm long, terminal petiolule twice articulated, at base and near leaflet, 8–30 mm long; lowest pair of leaflets stipelliform or, if expanded, then usually folded or strongly revolute, arising immediately below lowest pair of normal leaflets, normal leaflets oblong–elliptic, elliptic to broadly elliptic or sometimes broadly obovate. Leaflet apices obtuse to rounded. Base cuneate to rounded. Surfaces glabrous; conspicuously glandular punctate. Margins entire rarely weakly emarginate. Normal leaflets lateral veins usually 6–8 pairs, prominent, higher order venation forming a reticulate pattern. Rachis terete (cylindrical) or winged. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers usually 5–15 in terminal or leaf–opposed, open, cymose inflorescences usually 5–10 cm long, peduncles 10–40 mm long, pedicels 3–6(–8) mm long, subtended by a pair of bud scales; bracteoles 1 mm or less long. Flowers unisexual, actinomorphic. Calyx of 4 sepals, broadly ovate–deltate, 1–1.5 mm long, ciliolate. Corolla of 2 or sometimes 4 petals; petals white or yellowish white, sometimes tinged reddish, lanceolate to ovate, 6–10 mm long. Stamens 4, alternate with the petals, glabrous or pubescent, absent in pistillate flowers; anthers medifixed, dithecal. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate, but usually only 1 carpel developing, placentation axile, rudimentary in staminate flowers; ovules 2 per carpel, pendulous; style short, ± coherent; stigmas obliquely orbicular, capitate.

Fruit: Follicles 1–2; ovoid; 15–25(–33) mm long; glandular–pitted; apex conspicuously beaked; the beak 3–8 mm long; exocarp rugose; endocarp coriaceous. Seeds usually 1 per follicle; on a slender funicle; black; ovoid; 10–26 mm long.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Dry to mesic forest; sometimes along margins of wet forest.

Elevation Range: 260–1,280 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1214 (K, O, Mo, H); Faccenda, Arthur, et al. 2025:210 (WM); Hank Oppenheimer pers. obs. (Mo†, 1985)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Waimea Canyon, 2 mi. E of Kokee ranger station, road to Molilii [possibly Mohihi Stream], 1st stream crossing where flume begins Preserved_Specimen 30' x 8 tree; flower yellow green; bark gray Henrickson, J.S. 4056 Kauai BISH 1969-08-01
2 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Waimea Canyon rim, below road, 11.8 mi fm Waimea Preserved_Specimen One of 5 in stand; in fruit, 5 m x 11 cm Marr, K.L. 10 Kauai BISH 1988-03-26
3 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kilauea, Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5916 Hawaii BISH 1914-12-01
4 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum W Waimea drainage basin Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1098 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
5 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Olokele (?) Valley Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH 1911-11-01
6 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum road to Alakai Swamp Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 764 Kauai BISH 1927-02-17
7 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Pupukea Military Trail Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 530 Oahu BISH 1927-01-29
8 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Awaawapuhi Trail Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. 274 Kauai BISH 1987-06-16
9 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum 2 mi E of Kokee St[ream]. Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 4056 Kauai BISH 1969-07-01
10 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kawaihae uka Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
11 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kaholuamano, near mountain house Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5540 Kauai BISH 1909-09-28
12 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Koolau Range, Pupukea-Kahuku trail, in small ravine near road Preserved_Specimen Tree 25 ft. high. Pearsall, G.A. 522 Oahu BISH 1960-05-18
13 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10208 Hawaii BISH 1911-07-01
14 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kilauea Volcano, Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10208 Hawaii BISH 1911-07-01
15 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Puu Kaua, Waianae Mts., steep e. ridge Preserved_Specimen single tree 3 m. tall. Leaves thick, dark shining green above, pale green below. Flowers pale yellowish or some tinged with red, sweet aromatic St.John, H. 20125 Oahu BISH 1940-12-01
16 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kauai Preserved_Specimen Knudsen 82 Kauai BISH
17 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Lava tube region, Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Morley, H. 104 Hawaii BISH 1934-08-06
18 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kaholuamano Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5201 Kauai BISH 1909-09-28
19 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Puu Kana Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 3286 Oahu BISH 1926-03-21
20 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 13019 Hawaii BISH 1917-08-01
21 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum ~30 m past Kokee sign, main road Preserved_Specimen Marr, K.L. 15 Kauai BISH 1988-03-26
22 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kilauea Volcano, Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10208 Hawaii BISH 1911-07-01
23 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum W Waimea drainage basin Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 970 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
24 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kaholuamano Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2115 Kauai BISH 1909-03-03
25 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kalalau, on a ridge at the back of the valley Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1815 Kauai BISH 1983-08-20
26 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kilauea Volcano, Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10208 Hawaii BISH 1911-07-01
27 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Koolau Mts., Pupukea-Kahuku trail Preserved_Specimen Selling, O. 3359 Oahu BISH 1938-09-02
28 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kaholuamanu, mountains Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 347 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
29 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12572 Hawaii BISH 1915-07-01
30 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kaholuamano Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2106 Kauai BISH 1909-03-03
31 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Waimea, Kauai Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 581 Kauai BISH 1864-01-01
32 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Pupukea Trail Preserved_Specimen Swezey, O.H. Oahu BISH 1935-06-16
33 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Nuuanu Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Oahu BISH
34 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Hii Mts Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
35 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1917-08-01
36 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Hawaii BISH 1930-06-01
37 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kawaihae uka Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
38 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Pupukea Paumalu FR, off jeep road Preserved_Specimen Landgraf, M.F. Oahu BISH 1967-05-18
39 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum W Kaunala Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1933-05-24
40 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Pupukea Paumalu FR, off jeep road Preserved_Specimen Landgraf, M.F. Oahu BISH 1967-05-18
41 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum W Kaunala Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1933-05-24
42 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Nuuanu Valley Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Oahu BISH
43 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Puu Kaua, ridge, about 2200 ft. Preserved_Specimen Suehiro, A. Oahu BISH 1932-11-06
44 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kawaihae uka Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
45 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kawaihae uka Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
46 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kilauea Volcano, Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10208 Hawaii BISH 1911-07-01
47 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum W Kaunala Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. 706657 Oahu BISH 1933-05-24
48 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Oahu Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11585 Oahu BISH 1932-03-06
49 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Haw. Natl. Park Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 827 Hawaii BISH 1943-08-01
50 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kilauea, Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5916 Hawaii BISH 1914-12-01
51 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kaholuamano Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10209 Kauai BISH 1911-10-01
52 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Makaha Rd, 1.5 m down valley, in sm valley N of Kakio Keakeo Picnic area N facing slope Preserved_Specimen 13 m x 25 cm; most leaves w/ 5 leaflets, in fruit. Infected w/ rust. On 12.vi.1988 observed w/ flower and fruit. Marr, K.L. 12 Kauai BISH 1988-03-26
53 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Lihue-Koloa FR, ridge ESE of Puu Kolo Metrosideros, Acacia, Canthium, Cyanea, Bidens, Myrsine, Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen 10' tree; leaves dark, glossy green above, pale, glossy green below Flynn, T.W. 3149 Kauai BISH 1988-09-21
54 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum 2 ridges S. of Pohakea Pass forest Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1658 Oahu BISH 1931-03-19
55 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum HVNP, Kipuka Puaulu. Next to NPS transect One other large individual and at least 5 other saplings in Kipuka Puaulu. Three saplings and one seedling beneath this tree. Preserved_Specimen Fruit and flower collected 3.vi.1988 and 30.vii.1988; 27 cm. X 14 m. Drake, D. 0.19 Hawaii BISH 1988-03-25
56 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kawaikoi Stream, by Sugi grove Along bank of stream. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1982-08-29
57 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Honopu Trail Trail-side Preserved_Specimen 7 m tall and 10 cm DBH Marr, K.L. 40 Kauai BISH 1988-06-11
58 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kumuwela Ridge, E of Waineke Swamp Forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21551 Kauai BISH 1952-01-08
59 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Halemanu Diverse native forest, canopy emergent to 7+ m Preserved_Specimen Surrounded bye numerous saplings; locally common Takeuchi, W.N. 3678 Kauai BISH 1987-09-26
60 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Waimea Canyon, mile 11.3, Hwy. 550 Zanthoxylum kauaense, Pelea anisata, Myrsine, Acacia; dry Preserved_Specimen 30' x 35 tree Flynn, T.W. 2212 Kauai BISH 1987-05-21
61 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kumuwela Ridge, Waimea Dry open woods Preserved_Specimen Leaves hard and coriaceous, petals greenish white, deeply notched at apex St.John, H. 13822 Kauai BISH 1933-12-28
62 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Puu Kaua, Waianae Mts. Honouliuli wooded steep east ridge Preserved_Specimen single tree 3 m. tall St.John, H. 12226 Oahu BISH 1932-11-06
63 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum HVNP, Kipuka Puaulu. Next to NPS transect One other large individual and at least 5 other saplings in Kipuka Puaulu. Three saplings and one seedling beneath this tree. Preserved_Specimen Fruit mostly 2-seeded, some 3-seeded. Fruit and flower 3-vi.1988 and 30.vii.1988. 27 cm X 14 m Drake, D. 0.19 Hawaii BISH 1988-03-25
64 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Waianae Mts., Ekahnanui Gulch, ridge, E Puu Kaua Myrsine emarginata, Myrsine sandwicensis, Exocarpos gaudichaudii, Styphelia, Dubautia, Plantaginea, Pittosporum flocculosum, Scaevola gaudichaudiana Preserved_Specimen 6' tree; flower bud; young fruit Perlman, S. 5100 Oahu BISH 1987-01-15
65 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Bird Park (Kipuka Puaulu) moderate forest Preserved_Specimen Morley, H. 104 Hawaii BISH 1934-08-11
66 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum ridge above Ekahanui gulch Schinus terebinthifolius Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2063 Oahu BISH 1985-03-10
67 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Upper Limahuli Valley down stream from base camp up drainage on W side. Metrosideros-Dicranopteris wet forest. W/ Diospyros sandwicensis, Diplopterygium pinnatum, Bobea elatior, Ilex, Heyotis terminalis, Tetraplasandra, Pittosporum kauaiense, Pouteria, Coprosma, Boehmeria, Antidesma, Broussaisia, Charpentiera Preserved_Specimen Large tree 25 ft tall w/ 2 trunks split about 3 ft. from base. Bark dark color. With slight red bud, immature green fruit and few dried split fruit w/ black shinny seed Tangalin, N. 898 Kauai BISH 2006-08-08
68 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Oio, Paumalu Trail forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 17724 Oahu BISH 1940-06-16
69 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kokee. App. 30m past Kokee State Park sign on right side of main road. Kokee State Park Preserved_Specimen Stand of 9 trees, two others (incl. K.M. 42) this size and 6 saplings, app. 2m tall. All within 20m radius of each other. Fruit this date as well as a few 11-VI-88 14 cm x 4m Marr, K.L. 0.15 Kauai BISH 1988-03-26
70 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Puu Kaua, Waianae Mts., Honouliuli wooded steep e. ridge Preserved_Specimen tree 3 m. tall St.John, H. 12226 Oahu BISH 1932-11-06
71 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum HVNP, Kipuka Puaulu. Next to NPS transect One other large individual and at least 5 other saplings in Kipuka Puaulu. Three saplings and one seedling beneath this tree. Preserved_Specimen Fruit and flower both present this date as well as 30.vii.1988; 27 cm. X 14 m. Drake, D. 0.19 Hawaii BISH 1988-03-25
72 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Waioli-Waipa ridge, 10 ft. e. of crest bse of large boulder Preserved_Specimen tree 20 ft. tall, base 6 in. diam. Christensen, C. 195 Kauai BISH 1977-04-27
73 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kokee, Awaawapuhi trail Forest Preserved_Specimen Tree 50 ft tall, in fruit Stone, B.C. 3338 Kauai BISH 1960-04-12
74 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Waimea District; Kawaiula Valley, Kuia Natural Area Reserve Metrosideros-Acacia mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Diospyros sandwicensis, dracaena aurea, Psychotria mariniana, Dodonaea viscosa, Wikstroemia furcata, Planchnella sandwicensis, dryopteris glabra, Doodia kunthiana, Panicum Preserved_Specimen Tree, 11 m tall, trunk dark brown mottled gray with white lichen blush, with some fruit Wood, K.R. 14967 Kauai BISH 2012-05-09
75 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Hanalei District, Kalalau, valley slopes below Puu o Kila. Metrosideros mixed mesic forest asjacent to mesic cliffs w/ Planchonella sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Psydrac oderata, Diospyros sandwicensis, Chrysodracon aurea, Santalum pyrularium, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Syzygium sandiwcensis Preserved_Specimen Tree, 7 m tall, well-branched, in flower, single tree in area. Wood, K.R. 18298 Kauai BISH 2019-08-28
76 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Makakupaia, S fork, Kaunakakai Gulch Xylosma, Coprosma, Hedychium, Osmanthus, Wikstroemia, Melinis, Microlepia Preserved_Specimen 7 m tree, dense rounded crown Lau, J. 1465 Molokai BISH 1985-09-25
77 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Anahola Mountains, near SE end of range. Mesic forest on ridge. W/ Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Carex, Chrysodracon, Psydrax, Machaerina mariscoides. Preserved_Specimen 5m trees, 2 in area. Tree collected in poor condition, other tree in fair condition. Edmonds, M. 309 Kauai BISH 2015-03-22
78 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Waimea District; Kawaiiki Zone, Below Kalukaula Ridge, on ridge looking down into drainage of Koaie Canyon and north of Waialae. Degraded Metrosideros - Acacia koa Diverse Mesic Forest Myoporum, Cryptocarya, Kadua affinis, Alyxia, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Dodonea, Leptocaphylla, Dryopteris, Zanthoxylum, Dubautia, Psychotria mariniana, Scaevola procera, Melicope Preserved_Specimen 15 ft. tall healthy tree on N Canyon side of ridge. Many fruit falling on ground and down slope. Leaves thick dark shinny green, light green below. Seed black. Heavy goat activity in area Tangalin, N. 2573 Kauai BISH 2011-03-23
79 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Hind ranch, between Puuwaawaa and Puu Iki Growing in open cattle pasture, with Reynoldsia, Osmanthus, Sophora, Dracaena, Nototrichium, and other dry forest trees. Deep soil phase. Preserved_Specimen Tree 25 feet tall X 14 inches DBH. Corolla pinkish yellow-green. Hatheway, W.H. 452 Hawaii BISH 1950-11-20
80 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Pohakuao, hanging valley between Kalalau and Hanakoa Lowland mesic forest Preserved_Specimen Tree 4 m tall; in flower; occasional throughout Wood, K.R. 1769 Kauai BISH 1992-04-02
81 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Honopu, Awaawapuhi Valley Mesic forest, canopy ht ave 55 ft Preserved_Specimen Small tree w/ pungent odor when bruised; leaves of 1-3 leaflet w/ folioles Stone, B.C. 1592 Kauai BISH 1956-12-29
82 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Koolau Range, Pupukea-Paumalu Forest Preserve, Pupukea Road moist slope below trail Preserved_Specimen Tree 15 m. x 3 dm. Cowan, R.S. 774 Oahu BISH 1948-01-25
83 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum West Maui, Lahaina District, kauaula Valley, south slope. Vegetation: Pisonia, Myrsine, Diospyros, Metrosideros, Planchonella, Nestegis, Leptecophylla, Hibiscadelphus, Chrysodracon, Dodonaea, Charpentiera, Euphorbia, Myoporum, Santalum, Coprosma, Psychotria, Alyxia, Dryopteris, Ipomoea, Cocculus, Trisetum, Cyrtomium, Microlepia, Carex, Doodia, Bidens, Peperomia, Ageratina, Rubus, Lantana, Oplismenus, Bromus, _rigeron. Preserved_Specimen Rare, 7 trees, 6 of which are smaller but mature, and directly downslope of large, 8 meter mother tree. Oppenheimer, H.L. 41608 Maui BISH 2016-04-13
84 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Hikimoe, N facing slopes below road Small patches of Diospyros sandwicensis forest with occasional Metrosideros polymorpha, Coprosma waimeae, Psychotria greenwelliae, Zanthoxylum dipetelum, Psydrax odorata, Pouteria sandwicensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Pleomele aurea, Pisonia sp., Syzygium sandwicensis, gulch is mostly dominated by secondary invasive species. Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m tall, with frt, ca 5 trees in immediate region. Wood, K.R. 14226 Kauai BISH 2010-06-01
85 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kaunala Gulch, Kaunala, Koolau Range, Kahuku Forest Res., lower woods lower woods Preserved_Specimen tree 10 m. x 2 dm., leaves coriaceous St.John, H. 20164 Oahu BISH 1941-02-09
86 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum N Kaala, Dupont trail forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19431 Oahu BISH 1949-02-22
87 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Oio, Paumalu Trail forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 17590 Oahu BISH 1940-06-16
88 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Na Pali Survey, Supp. Sta. C., back of valley on E side Diverse mesic forest on steep slope Preserved_Specimen Large tree, 30 ft high, no flowers or fruit Perlman, S. 10374 Kauai BISH 1989-06-13
89 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Waianae Mts., S Ekanui Gulch, ridge Metrosideros, Myrsine, Schinus Preserved_Specimen Obata, J.K. 394 Oahu BISH 1978-07-09
90 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Maui, W Maui, Lahaina District, Kauaula Valley, S slope on steep, rocky slope. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Sophora, Nestegis, Coprosma, Dodonaea, Pipturus, Achyranthes, Diospyros, Myrsine, Melicope, Pleomele, Remya, Dryopteris, Senna, Ipomoea, Neraudia, Lysimachia, Wikstroemia, Osteomeles, Trisetum, Panicum, Microlepia, Lysimachia, Eragrostis, Alyxia, Lipochaeta, Bidens, Peperomia, Ageratina, Lantana, Grevillea, Conyza, Petroselinum. Preserved_Specimen Large tree 6m tall, five others below on steep, rocky slope, two of these also reproductive. Single immature fruit observed (taken for propagation) glabrous, beaked, punctuate. Leaves with often dense, erect, very short hairs on both surfaces; petals red; leaves with no partiular odor, densely punctuate, often basally asymmetrical, with >10 pairs of veins; wood an orange-yellow, bark with conspicuous pale round bumps common in Hawaiian Zanthoxylum spp. Oppenheimer, H.L. 41338 Maui BISH 2013-04-24
91 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Awaawapuhi Trail; Honopu Moist Acacia Forest. Preserved_Specimen Tree 15 m tall. Bark smooth, dark. Twigs grey. Lvs. coriaceous, dark green above, medium green below. Petals creamy white, 2 in number; thich coriaceous. Fruit (immature) green. Mature fruit picked up from beneath tree. Brown. Lane, I.E. 56625 Kauai BISH 1956-12-29
92 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Hanalei, Hoolulu Valley Nr ridge crest in mixed mesic forest Preserved_Specimen Tree 7 m tall Lau, J. 2205 Kauai BISH 1986-04-01
93 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kamiloloa, ridge above Gulch dry; native trees and shrub; exotic grass and shrubs Preserved_Specimen 25' x 18 cm; 2 trunks Stemmermann, R.L. 3919 Molokai BISH 1979-07-15
94 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Bird Park (Kipuka Puaulu) moderate forest Preserved_Specimen Morley, H. 104 Hawaii BISH 1934-08-11
95 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Lahaina District. Kauaula valley, South slope, below Helu summit, west Maui Diospyros sandwicensis-Metrosideros mesic forest. With Nestegis sandwicensis, Pisonia, Zanthoxylum hawaiiense, Cyrtandra grayi, Coprosma foliosa, Cheirodendron trigynum, Dodonaea viscosa, Polyscias oahuensis, Myrsine lanaiensis, Sophora chrysophylla Preserved_Specimen Tree 5 meter ht with flower buds Perlman, S. 23854 Maui BISH 2014-02-13
96 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kahuku mauka shrubby forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19544 Oahu BISH 1949-03-20
97 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kumuwela Ridge, E of Waineke Swamp Forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21551 Kauai BISH 1952-01-08
98 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Waianae Mts., Honouliuli FR, ridge to Puu Kaua exposed arid cliff Preserved_Specimen small, sparingly branched tree; fruit green, anise odor, splits when mature to reveal black, shiny seeds Herbst, D.R. 5263 Oahu BISH 1975-03-16
99 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Honopu Trail Beside trail Preserved_Specimen 7m x 26 cm. One of two w/ male flowers this date and 11.vi.1988. Marr, K.L. 14 Kauai BISH 1988-03-26
100 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kalahu, W of Kalalau Valley Open Dicranopteris forest Preserved_Specimen Spreading 25 ft tall tree Degener, O. 20596 Kauai BISH 1950-02-01
101 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Koloa, Haupu open shrubland, herbland, sparse tree cover; Metrosideros polymorpha, Dicranopteris linearis, Cibotium glaucum, Sadleria pallida, Hedyotis terminalis, Psychotria mariniana, Antidesma platyphyllum, Bobea brevipes, Xylosma hawaiiense, Cheirodendron fauriei, Melicope feddei, Tetraplasandra Preserved_Specimen 7 m tree, moderately branched; stems dark brown, or with white-green lichen; leaves dark green; petal and peduncle purple; male Wood, K.R. 11973 Kauai BISH 2006-07-14
102 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Hanalei, Honoonapali NAR, West Hanakoa stream drainage above falls. Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris wet forest w/ Kadua affinis, Psychotria mariniana, P. mauiensis, Melicope clusiifolia, M. anisata, M. degeneri, Ilex anomala, Syzygium sandwicensis, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Dodonaea viscosa, Santalum involutum, Kad... Preserved_Specimen Tree, 9 m tall, vigorous, trunk gray-brown, mottled w/ lichens, w/ flower and fruit, male and female tree in immediate area K.R. Wood 19117 Kauai BISH 2022-07-22
103 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Halemanu, Kokee Open woods Preserved_Specimen 40 ft tree Degener, O. 28099 Kauai BISH 1960-12-02
104 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kalalau valley, drainage west of Pohakulele Camp and east of Huna. Diospyros mixed mesic forest occasional in area Preserved_Specimen tree, 10 m tall, 35 cm diameter at bae, trunk medium brown with gray-green or green-white lichen, abundant fruit set, seed collection Wood, K.R. 11655 Kauai BISH 2005-12-15
105 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kumuwela Ridge, Waimea Dry open woods Preserved_Specimen Small sprout tree 20 ft x 4 in. St.John, H. 13835 Kauai BISH 1933-12-28
106 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum HVNP, Kipuka Puaulu, next to NPS transect Sapling growing beneath KM 19. Preserved_Specimen Up to 9 leaflets present (including reduced ones). This not seen on saplings observed on Kauai or Oahu. 4m X 4 cm. Marr, K.L. 91 Hawaii BISH 1988-08-01
107 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Waimea district Kawaiiki ridge, slope of Koaie, west of twin falls Metrosideros- Acacia montane mixed mesic forest, summer dry Diospyros sandwicensis, Pleomele aurea, Myrsine lanaiensis, Planchonella sandwicensis, Cryptocarya manii, Myoporum sandwicensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Psydrax odorata, Zanthoxylum dipetalum, Pteraly Preserved_Specimen tree, 8 m tall, with Z. hawaiiense, occasional, SEED COLL. NTBG ACC # 130092 Wood, K.R. 15418 Kauai BISH 2013-02-17
108 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum ridge, Puu Kaua cliff edge Preserved_Specimen 5-6' shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 126 Oahu BISH 1984-07-15
109 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum E of Kumuwela Ridge, Kokee Open forest along ditch trail Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20598 Kauai BISH 1950-02-07
110 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Ridge .75 mi N of Laaukahi, Koloa Wooded NW-facing slope Preserved_Specimen Tree 15 m x 5 dm St.John, H. 23011 Kauai BISH 1947-12-24
111 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Waimea, 1.3 mi. down Makaha Ridge road from Hwy. 550, below Kokio kookeo picnic area Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Pelea barbigera, Remya kauaiensis, Alphitonia Preserved_Specimen 40' tree; leaves dark dull green above with yellow green midrib, below pale green Flynn, T.W. 2773 Kauai BISH 1988-02-24
112 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kumuwela Ridge, Waimea Dry open woods Preserved_Specimen Small sprout tree 20 ft x 4 in. St.John, H. 13835 Kauai BISH 1933-12-28
113 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Plateau just S of Awaawapuhi stream head Diverse mesic forest intermixed with open patches of Dicranopteris. With Metrosideros, Ilex, Scaevola sp., Dodonaea, Pouteria, Psychotria greenwelliae, Melicope anisata, Coprosma, Psidium cattleianum, Carex meyenii, Alyxia stellata, and occasional Hedychium. Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m tall. Dark green, thick, coriaceous lvs, light green underneath. Seed accessioned with NTBG Living Collections . Trauernicht, C. 750 Kauai BISH 2009-02-19
114 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum N Haupu moist Preserved_Specimen 12 m tree, spreading; leaf with anise odor MacDaniels, L.H. 737 Kauai BISH 1927-02-16
115 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kohua Ridge Forest Preserved_Specimen Erect 18 ft tree Degener, O. 23920 Kauai BISH 1955-09-09
116 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Halemanu Dry-mesic forest. Preserved_Specimen Straight tree, about 25 ft. tall 7 in. dbh, with a dense crown and smooth, light-colored bark. Foliage very thick, leathery, dull, dark green above, paler below. Immature fruit dark green. Herbst, D.R. 1030 Kauai BISH 1968-04-07
117 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Puu Kaua, S Ekahanui, subgulch Alectryon, Elaeocarpus, Pouteria, Antidesma, Pisonia, Charpentiera, Melicope, Freycinetia, Claoxylon, Hibiscus, Pipturus, Passiflora suberosa, Labordia, Platydesma, Athyrium sandwichianum, Neraudia Preserved_Specimen tree with flowers Perlman, S. 6113 Oahu BISH 1987-06-28
118 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum HVNP, Kipuka Puaulu, next to NPS transect Sapling growing beneath KM 19. Preserved_Specimen Up to 9 leaflets present (including reduced ones). This not seen on saplings observed on Kauai or Oahu. 4m X 4 cm. Marr, K.L. 91 Hawaii BISH 1988-08-01
119 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Pupukea Paumala FR, Koolau Mts., jeep road ohia, Eugenia Preserved_Specimen to 25-30' x 10 tree, branching above 15'; leaves pinnately compound, 5 leaflets, 14 cm long; leaflets to 9x5-6 cm; flower 2 petaled, on panicle, 13 cm long Spence, G. 8 Oahu BISH 1971-10-31
120 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Puu Kaua, E ridge Exocarpos; Myrsine, Dubautia, Pelea, Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m x 4 cm; strong anise odor Marr, K.L. 52 Oahu BISH 1988-06-24
121 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Honopu Trail Beside trail Preserved_Specimen 14 m x 22 cm DBH, mostly 3 large leaflets, some single. Fruit and flower collected Marr, K.L. 41 Kauai BISH 1988-06-11
122 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum ridge, Kaua to Kanehoa Psychotria hathewayi Preserved_Specimen gnarled tree Takeuchi, W.N. Oahu BISH 1986-10-01
123 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kalalau Valley, S rim and upper reaches, 0.4 miles E of Kalalau Lookout; steep slopes with low mixed mesophytic forest of Metrosideros, Pelea, Xylosma & Pleomele Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m tall x 10 cm d.b.h., leaning. Buds green tinged with red. Occasional. Lorence, D.H. 5121 Kauai BISH 1987-03-20
124 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kalalau, very back on E side of Valley, 50 ft up talus slope on E side of N running gulch, gulch just W of the mainstream. Old relic mixed mesic forest with weedy understory. Christella parasitica, Nephrolepis, Bryophyllum pinnatum, Adenophorus hispidulum, Elephantopus mollis, midstory mostly open with Lantana and Psydrax, loose open canopy of Aleurites moluccana, Melia azedarach Preserved_Specimen Tree sterile. 20 ft tall. LVs thick green w/ light orange oil dots. Ruduced lvs below 1, 3 or 6 leaflets on different branches of same tree. Tangalin, N. 2385 Kauai BISH 2010-08-22
125 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kumuwela Ridge Forest Preserved_Specimen Two slender 20 tall trees Degener, O. 28094 Kauai BISH 1955-09-14
126 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Waimea District. Nuololo, north facing slopes above northern branch. Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest with Alphitonia, Pouteria, Xylosma hawaiiensis, Claoxylon, Myrsine lanaiensis, Wikstromia furcta, Dodonea, Kadua affins, Melicope avata, M. anisate, Dracaena aurea, Polyscias kavaiensis, Psychotri Preserved_Specimen tre, 5m tall, occasional Wood, K.R. 15098 Kauai BISH 2012-07-18
127 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kawaikoa Stream trail, above trail on S side of stream 70 m before .5 mi marker Preserved_Specimen 7m x 13 cm; fruit. Marr, K.L. 46 Kauai BISH 1988-06-15
128 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17152 Hawaii BISH 1918-07-01
129 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum ridge, Puu Kaua, Honouliuli FR Metrosideros, Acacia koa, grass Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1156 Oahu BISH 1973-06-11
130 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Mohihi Rd. Kauaikinana Stream, ~20 yds. below dam Preserved_Specimen 18' tree Flynn, T.W. 438 Kauai BISH 1983-06-02
131 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Honopu Trail Preserved_Specimen Individual w/ up to 5 lg leaflets and most fruit w/ both carpel developed. All others, w/ 3 lg leaflets and single developed carpel. 13 m x 14 cm. Marr, K.L. 39 Kauai BISH 1988-06-11
132 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Pupukea-Kahuku Road, Kahuku Preserved_Specimen tree 10m. x 3 dm. bark pale brown, lvs. coriaceous shiny, above dark green, below yellowish green petals greenish St.John, H. 25972 Oahu BISH 1956-10-28
133 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Puu Kaua, Waianae Mts, steep east ridge Preserved_Specimen single 3 m. tree, lvs. thick, dark shinny green above, pale green below, fl. pale yellowish or or some tinged with red, fl. sweet aromatic. St.John, H. 20125 Oahu BISH 1940-12-01
134 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kaholuamano Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10209 Kauai BISH 1911-10-01
135 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Halemanu-Kokee trail, .5 mi fm upper parking lot. Upper end of gully, s sside of trail 20 m fm trail where it levels off Preserved_Specimen Fruit and flowers Marr, K.L. 43 Kauai BISH 1988-06-13
136 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kauaikinana Stream, just below diversion dam Preserved_Specimen 8 m x 25 cm; fruiting and flowering and on 12.vi.1988. Marr, K.L. 13 Kauai BISH 1988-03-26
137 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kokee, Milolii Rd, 0.35 mi after jct. with Makaha Rd Preserved_Specimen 10 m x 25 cm Marr, K.L. 18 Kauai BISH 1988-03-26
138 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kokee, Awaawapuhi trail Preserved_Specimen Juvenile plant 5 ft tall, w/ trifoliolate leaves Stone, B.C. 3337 Kauai BISH 1960-04-12
139 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Halemanu Preserved_Specimen 3 m sterile specimen, showing max leaf size Takeuchi, W.N. 3672 Kauai BISH 1987-09-26
140 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kokee, Halemanu Rd, 30 m past turnoff at Kokee State Park sign Preserved_Specimen 10 m x 26.5 cm, flowering and fruiting. Marr, K.L. 42 Kauai BISH 1988-06-13
141 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12572 Hawaii BISH 1915-07-01
142 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Waianae Range. South Palawai Gulch Preserved_Specimen Small tree 10 ft high. Wilbur, R.L. 620 Oahu BISH 1948-03-28
143 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Waianae Range, Puu Kaala, above Waialua on the Duponte ridge trail at 2800 ft. alt Preserved_Specimen Tree 20 ft. tall; fls. greenish, fem. with 2 petals (ea. notched at tip); frts. green. Stone, B.C. 3185 Oahu BISH 1959-12-20
144 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Pupukea - Kahuku Trail, Paunalu - Waimea Ridge. Koolau Range Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11585 Oahu BISH 1932-03-06
145 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kokee, Awaawapuhi trail, ~40 yds from main trail, at #37 Preserved_Specimen 20-25' tree Flynn, T.W. 395 Kauai BISH 1983-04-19
146 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kaholuamano Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5201 Kauai BISH 1909-09-28
147 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Waimea Canyon rim, 11.8 mi fm Waimea, 50 m below road Preserved_Specimen 18 m tall x 37 cm DBH Marr, K.L. 44 Kauai BISH 1988-06-13
148 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Waianae Mts., Puu Kaua to Pohakea Pass, 3rd ridge from summit, NE facing Preserved_Specimen 4 m x 25 cm; stems twisted and sprawling; strong anise odor; fruit and flowers Marr, K.L. 54 Oahu BISH 1988-06-24
149 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Kawaikoa Stream trail, above trail on S side of stream 70 m before .5 mi marker Preserved_Specimen 10 m tall x 39 cm DBH; male flowers. Marr, K.L. 45 Kauai BISH 1988-06-15
150 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum Waimea Canyon rim, below road, 11.8 mi fm Waimea Preserved_Specimen 15 m x 26 cm; in fruit (not collected) Marr, K.L. 9 Kauai BISH 1988-03-26
151 Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum 3 mi down Makaha ridge road, N facing slope Preserved_Specimen ~20' tree Flynn, T.W. 1810 Kauai BISH 1986-07-15
Back to Top